略论周代史官宗教思想的“人文”取向

The Humanist Orientation in the Religious Thought of the Historiographers of Zhou Dynasty

周代史官的宗教思想，体现出强烈的“人文”倾向。他们论证神灵的本质、神人关系及神道作用，无不以“人”为其最终的价值取向。周代史官认为，“神道”是“天道”的派生物，对于“天道”具有强烈的依附性。对“天道”的充分论证，化解了周代史官对于神灵的畏惧，从而突出了“人”在这个世界上的作用和意义。由于我国上古时期的“天道”脱胎于巫术对于所谓“世界法则”的描述，因此周代史官宗教思想中的这一“人文”倾向，实际上是我国上古文化前宗教性因素获得巨大发展的一个积极产物。

One of the most important characteristics in the religious thought of the historiographers of Zhou dynasty, was that they took great care about humankind, showing clear inclination to humanity. When they discussed about the essence of the gods, the relations between the human and the gods, the meanings of the god worship, their aim was to take care of the life of human being and their criterion about these discussions was also human being. They pointed out that all those gods were only a part of the nature and they must abide by the natural rules. By emphasizing the importance of natural rules, their apprehension to the gods diminished and even disappeared finally, so they could notice the value of human being fully. The thinking about the natural rules in ancient China stemmed from the 'rules' that was fully described in the action of witchcraft in remote a ntiquity, so, the inclination of humanity in the religious thought of the historiographers of Zhou dynasty, actually was a positive result of the enormous development of the pre religious facts in the remote period of ancient China. Another saying about this conclusion is that the thick sense of humanity spirit in ancient china did not mainly come from the criticism against a former thick religious thought, but from a former tradition of non-worship to the gods which always existed in this kind of pre-religious phenomenon──witchcraft.