夏商周断代工程中的多学科合作

Intellectual co-operation on Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project

《夏商周断代工程》是由人文社会科学和自然科学的专家联合实施的系统工程,以多学科合作方式联合研究攻关,取得了一系列重要成果。1）根据考古系列样品的年代测定,得出考古学的14C年代框架。2）依古文献的天象记录,天文计算定出懿王元年为公元前899年;武王克商年为公元前1046年;武丁登基年为公元前1250年;均与14C测年结果相合。3）根据西周青铜器铭文的纪时词语,排出金文历谱,在年代框架内排出西周王年表。4）根据殷墟的甲骨和文化分期,商后期的周祭祀谱,武丁年代和文献记载,在年代框架内排出商后期王年的大致情况。5）商前期主要根据郑州商城和偃师商城的考古分期与年代测定,结合文献,估定夏商分界的年代。6）夏代主要是根据二里头文化分期和年代测定,王城岗文化分期和年代测定,以及结合文献和参考夏代的五星连珠、仲康日食等的天文推算,估定夏代的始年。

According to an intellectual co - operation Xia - Shang - Zhou Chronology Project, some important results are obtained as below:1) Based on the archaeological information and 14C dating, a schematic drawing of 14C chronological framework of Xia - Shang - Zhou dynasties has been established;2) With the aid of astronomical calculations and studies of ancient documents and bronze - ware inscriptions, the following three historical chronological points have been determined: ① The first year of King Yi must be BC 899; ② The year of King Wu' s conquest of Shang Dynasty may be BC 1046; ③ The first year of King Wuding' s ruling would be BC 1250; all of which are well consistent with the 14C dating data.3) At last, a chronological framework after the year of King Wuding can be established. Then, with the help of this framework and the study of inscriptions of bronze relics, the table of Kings of Western Zhou can be got.4) By studying the cycle table of offering sacrifices to ancestors in Shang Dynasty , the ruling periods of Diyi and Dixin could be inferred, and then the chronology table of later Shang Dynasty could be inferred too, based on the synthesis studies.5) Based on the 14C dating of two Shang cities, the year framework of former period of Shang Dynasty could be established.6) Considering the 14C dating results of series samples from Erlitou site and Wangchenggang site, and comparing them with those from astronomical calculations and historical documents, the year of founding Xia Dynasty has been estimated.