孔子“兴”式教育法与《诗》《易》的义理化

Confucius's Teaching Way of Xing and the Argument Transformation of The Book of Songs and Zhouyi

孔子是伟大的教育家，《诗经》和《周易》是他教授弟子们的重要内容，但他并不是仅仅要求弟子们记住《诗》《易》的辞句，而是要他们从中体会出“忠恕”之道来。孔子所使用的方法就是当时十分盛行的“兴”式方法，即仅据《诗》《易》中的某一辞句断章取义地引申发挥。孔子的伟大之处就在于要求弟子们要紧紧围绕着“忠恕”之道去“兴”。孔子就是用这种方法把《诗》《易》改造成儒家经典的。孟子、荀子以及西汉中期以前的儒生很好地继承了孔子的这一方法。

Confucius was a great educationist, and The Book of Songs and Zhouyi w ere important content he taught his disciples. He didn't merely ask his disciples to remember the words and sentences of The Book of Songs and Zhouyi , he wanted them to learn the doctrine of loyal and forbearance. The way Confucius used was xing , garble a statement from the words and sentences, which were very popular at that time. And Confucius had used the way of xing remake The Book of Songs a nd Zhouyi to be scriptures of Confucian school. Mengzi, Xunzi and Confucian scholars before the middle stage of Han dynasty all inherited the way of xing .