科举危机与晚明士人社会的分化

The Crisis of Imperial Examination and Th e Divide of Intellectual Society in Late Ming Times

明代科举的“解额日广”从根本上说是一种 被动式的非理性增长，它是明代科举危机深化的外在表现。科举流通机制的壅塞导致了晚明 士人社会出路的沉滞与士人社会的分化。一部分士人开始脱离传统以“仕”为核心的“非仕 则隐”的经典化生存模式，走上了世俗化的生存与发展道路，并促动了“儒商”边缘群体与 “市民文人”准职业群体的生成。

The increase of imperial examinatio n's amounts was due to the deepening of imperial examination's crisis,So it was passive and reasonableness in Ming dynasty.The block of imperial examination's c irculation system also led to the obstruction of intellectual's social outlet in late Ming times.Some intellectual began transforming form tradition exisiting m odel into secular exisiting way,and promoted the divide of intellectual society.