铁路基础设施使用费若干问题探讨

Research on the Charge of Chinese Railway Infrastructure

铁路运输体制无论是“网运分离”还是“区域公司”模式,铁路客运、货运、路网分帐核算是必需的基础性条件。而要实现“客、货、网”分帐核算,铁路基础设施如何收费是其中的关键问题。因为一方面基础设施收费水平的高低、收费方法的不同将直接关系到客运和货运的运输成本以及路网的收入,从而也就关系到客、货、网的运营成果。另一方面,基础设施如何收费也是建立铁路运能供给与运量需求良好匹配和良性循环关系,提高铁路运输整体效率的重要手段。本文尝试从基础设施收付费制度的本质属性,以及基础设施使用费的收费水平、收费方法等方面作一探讨。

No matter whether the railway transportation system is in the mode of “the separation of railway nets and transportation' or “the regional company', it is the essential basic condition to divide accounts among the accountings of passenger transportation, freight transportation and railway nets separately. And to realize this kind of accounting, the key problem is how to charge the railway infrastructure. It is because on one hand, the infrastructure charge level and charge method will directly influence the cost of passenger transportation and freight transportation, as well as the income of the railway nets, and even the operation performance of passenger transportation, freight transportation and railway nets.Also,on the other hand, how to charge the railway infrastructure is a significant way to set up a good matching and benign cycle relationship for the railway supply fitting in with the transportation demand, and further to improve the whole efficiency of the railway.This paper tries to probe into the essential attribute of charge system for infrastructure,and the charge level as well as the charge method of the infrastructure application fee.