美学方法论和艺术本质观——从东、西方古典美学看艺术的审美本质

Aesthetics Methodology and Artistic Nature Viewpoints ——Aesthetic Nature of Art through the Eastern and Western Classical Aesthetics

本文从美学方法论的角度 ,以对东西方古典美学艺术本质观的论述为基础 ,结合当前的文艺实践 ,对艺术本质给予了现时代的规定。本文认为 ,西方古典美学和艺术思想的基本特征 ,是以纯哲学和社会学的方法研究艺术 ,把艺术规定为是一种特殊的认识活动 ,将摹拟、再现、认识看作是艺术的本质特征 ;而中国古典美学则主要是以伦理学与哲学的辩证统一、艺术哲学和艺术心理学相统一的方法观察和研究艺术 ,把情感看作艺术的特质 ,将抒情、写意规定为是艺术的基本特征。东西方古典美学各自在艺术本质问题上的合理性和片面性 ,以及当今东西方艺术发展的趋势 ,说明对艺术本质的思考和探求 ,既不能单纯执着于表现主义 ,也不能固守于理智主义 ,而是应该扬弃其各自的片面性 ,对东西方古典美学的艺术本质观 。

From the point of view about aesthetic methodology,with the treatise about the nature of eastern and western classical aesthetics and art as it's foundation,and putting it into the literary practice,this article stipulates the nature of art at present.This article thinks,the basic character of western classical aesthetics and art is to study the art with the pure philosophical and socio logical method,to stipulate the art as an special epistemic activity,and regard imitation,representation and episteme as the nature of arts.On the other hand ,Chinese classical aesthetics observes and studies the art with the method of uniting the ethnics and philosophy dialectically,uniting the philosophy of art and psychology of art,regarding the sensibility as particularity of art,stipulating the lyricism,portrayal as the basic character of art.For eastern and western classical aesthetics,the rationality and unilateralism in problem of nature of art singly,with the trend of eastern and western art's development at present,the article says that it can't insist on expressionism singly,and can't limit to intellectualism in thinking and searching about the nature of art either,but should discard each unilateralism,colligate the viewpoints of artistic nature that eastern and western classical aesthetics should synthesize dialectically under the provision at present.