西藏农村的宗教权威及其公共服务——对于西藏农区五村的案例分析

The Religious Authority and Public Services in Five Tibetan Villages: A Case Analysis

本文对西藏农区五村中宗教权威的现状进行了考察和分析,认为自改革开放以来,西藏农村的宗教权威再度成为影响村庄政治的重要力量,但由于他们多不具有沟通政府、拓展市场、寻求资源等促进经济发展的能力,因此在村庄政治中的影响受到制度性的限制。本文还对西藏农区五村中各类宗教权威及其公共服务活动做了描述,认为宗教权威的活动满足了村民的精神需求,对普遍信教的村庄社会具有重要意义。宗教权威的公共服务活动有助于创造村庄互助、和谐的社会氛围,强化村庄内部的凝聚力,从而对村级组织的公共服务供给形成一种“文化支持”,有利于村民福利的改善。

Since the 1980s, the religious authority has become once again an important power influencing the political life of the rural Tibet. As a group, they have a limited influence on the villagers for their lack of the capabilities to communicate with the government, and develop the market, and seek the outside social resources. However, every kind of the religiousauthority takes part in the public services in the villages. Their services satisfied the spiritual requirementof the villagers, which is valuable for them, especially in the villages where all the inhabitantsbelieve in the Buddhism. Moreover, the services are so helpful for creating a harmoniouscommunity and strengthening the cohesive force of the village that we can say they provide a 'cultural support'for the public services at the village level. So the public services of the religious authority are favorable for the villages'welfare.