珠江口淇澳岛红树林湿地变化及调控对策研究

The Change of Mangrove Wetland Ecosystem and Controlling Countermeasures in the Qi’ao Island

对珠江口内伶仃洋淇澳岛红树林湿地的变化及其驱动力进行了分析。采用的方法包括收集部分历史资料、三个时相段红树林的遥感图像监测和实地样方调查。根据 2 0 0 4年最新遥感测算 ,大约有 2 0 0hm2 红树林生长在该岛 ,这些红树林是珠江口重要的生态系统 ,但已受到强烈人为干扰。在过去近 2 0年里 ,约 77hm2 的天然红树林被毁掉 ,用于水产养殖、城镇基础设施建设。近些年来研究区红树林面积不断增加 ,尤其是自 1999年实行红树林人工恢复工程以来 ,新引种的红树林 (无瓣海桑Sonneratiaapetala)得以重建。但是淇澳岛红树林斑块的空间格局和种的构成发生了变化 ,红树林群落植物多样性明显减弱。在综合分析基础上 ,根据生态系统管理的思想 ,提出了以构建典型的红树林生态序列和红树林湿地植被多样性为目标的淇澳岛红树林湿地生态系统恢复和建设的建议。

The evolution in the mangrove forest wetland landscape and its drive forces within Qi’Ao island where is in the Pearl River Estuary were analyzed. The integrative methods including literatures researching, three temporal phrases (1988, 1995,2002) remote sensing images data were analyzed and field survey were adopted in this paper. By literatures researches, three main evolution stages, including silt tidal flats, mangrove forest tidal flats, mangrove forest plain, were undergone. By remote sensing data in 1988, 1995 and 2002 to be as basic information resource and with the support of GIS, the dynamic development of mangrove forest wetland landscape pattern was analyzed. Currently, about 200 hm 2 of mangroves are present in Qi’Ao island in 2004. These mangroves are important ecosystems, but are subject to disturbance from a number of sources. In recent 25 years, there has been a loss of more than 77 hm 2, as a result of natural losses and mangrove clearing (e.g. for urban and industrial development, agriculture and aquaculture). However, areas of new mangroves have been established by mangrove introduction and afforestation especially since 1999. These new mangroves have mainly appeared in the Dawei bay of Qi’Ao islands. The results showed that the spatial patterns and species composition of mangrove patches have been changed. The biodiversity of mangrove forest species has obviously been declined, the dominant mangrove species is Sonneratia apetala . In addition, mangrove forest wetland vegetation biomass was calculated by field survey. Based on the synthesis analysis, according to the view of ecosystem management, four countermeasures for regulating and controlling, which aim to construct mangrove forest ecological sequence and the biodiversit of mangrove forest wetland vegetation, were put forward: 1) to construct the typical succession model by dealing with the relations between the vegetation biodiversity and competition; 2) to strengthen the environmental policy research for Qi’Ao islands mangrove forest wetland; 3) to build up an early warning system for considering ecosystem vulnerability of mangroves; 4) to develop ecotourism by planning Qi’ao islands mangrove forest wetland park scientifically.