从马王堆帛书《老子》看老子理想王国的社会属性

Social Nature of Lao Tsu′s Ideal State Reflecting by His Silk Manuscript from Mawangtui

关于老子理想社会的社会属性,学术界的主流观点有二:一、认为是经过美化的原始社会的缩影;二、认为是对西周奴隶制社会的理想化写照。但据帛书本《老子》来看,老子理想王国则是一个有阶级和国家机器并且建立在一定物质文明基础之上的社会。同时,老子的理想社会还是一个排斥绝对人身依附关系的,具有闭关色彩的小农社会。故老子的理想王国与原始社会、奴隶制社会无关,倒是表现了对即将到来的建立在小自耕农基础上的封建社会的朦胧憧憬。

With regard to the social nature of Lao Tsu′s ideal society,there are two views of main trend in academic circles.One deems it to be the epitome of beautified primitive society;another deems it to be idealized portrayal of slave society in Western Zhou Dynasty.However,as judyed by Lao Tsu′s silk manuscript of Mawangtui,his ideal state was a class society with state apparatus building on the basis of fixed material civilization.Moreover,his ideal society was also a closed society of small farmers who enjoyed relatively personal freedom.Consequently,Lao Tsu′s ideal state had nothing to do with primitive society or slave society;but instead,it showed his hazy yearning for the approach of feudal society founding on the basis of small land-holding peasants.