先秦官吏考核制度考述

On the Government Official's Assessing System of the Pre-Qin Dynasty

一般认为,中国古代官吏考核制度建于秦汉时期,先秦只是萌芽或是雏形,并未形成制度。实际上,官吏考核制度建于先秦时期,西周已较为规范。先秦时期的官吏考核制度,其考核目的、对象明确;考核内容、尺度具体;考核方法多样;奖惩措施严格,它是秦汉以后中国古代官吏考核制度发展、完善的渊薮。由于历史发展阶段的特点,先秦时期的官吏考核制度有其时代局限性,应客观评价。

It is generally acknowledged that Chinese ancient government official assessing system was established during the Qin and the Han Dynasties, but it was just a sprout or embryonic in the Qin Dynasty.However, The allthor holds that the system was built in the Pre-Qin period, and standardized in the West Zhou Dynasty. The government official assessing system during the period of the Qin Dynasty has its Characteristics. Firstly ,its purpose and target are clear; Secondly, the content and scale are concrete. Thirdly, the assessing method is various; Finally, the rewards and punishments measurement are strict. Above all, it is the source of the ancient government official assessing system since the Qin and the Han Dynasties. But because of the characteristics of the historical development, the government official assessing system during the period of the Pre-Qin has its limitations.