语体的通用成分、专用成分和跨体成分

An Analysis of General Component, Proper Component and Across-Genre Component in Genre

一般说来,语体成分从色彩上可分为通用成分和专用成分两种,但是在语体分析中还出现了跨体成分。通用成分是通用于大部分语体中的成分。专用成分是只用于或常用于某一语体的成分。跨体成分是在具体的言语成品中出现的非本语体的成分,是本语体的言语成品中引入的其他语体的专用成分。这三种成分,在词语、句子、辞格、篇章等方面都会出现,是一种十分复杂的语体现象。研究它们是语体学建设的一项基础工程,同时对于语言学的其他部门也有正面的促进作用。

Generally speaking, genre components can be divided into general component and proper component according to the flavor, but we also found across-genre component in the genre analysis. General component is the component which is commonly used in most of the genres, and proper component is the component which is only used or often used in a certain genre. The across-genre component is the component which is found in a concrete speech-work, but it is not the component which should be found in this kind of genre. It is the proper component which is borrowed from the other genre. We can find these three components in words, sentences, rhetorical figures, and texts. It is a very complicated genre phenomenon. To study these components is a basic project for the construction of genreology, and it also can promote the study of the other parts of linguistics positively.