关于文学评论中如何辨析文本意义的确定性与非确定性问题——以中国古代文学作品为例

A Distinction Between the Definite and the Indefinite Textual Understanding in Literary Criticism

在文学评论中,对文本意义的阐释常存在两种观点:或认为一部作品只有一种正确的意义①,或认为有多种意义并存②。本文认为文学作品文本的意义总是多种的,不存在唯一正确的意义,但多种意义间存在着合乎逻辑关系的确定性与相互对立、矛盾的不合逻辑关系的非确定性,二者之间在某一逻辑环节存在着可通性,从而交织成一个互相联结的意义网络。文学评论的意义在于通过文本分析,将这个意义网络清晰地描述出来。

In literary criticism, there are two perspectives towards textual understanding: either an exclusive understanding or more than one understandings can be applied to a certain text. This paper holds that the intertwining meanings in literary text deny an exclusive understanding. And between different understandings there exists logical definition as well as paradoxical indefinition: the two are woven into a meaning network at a logic connection where they are compatible. The significance of literary criticism lies in the clarification of this meaning network by means of textual analysis.