免耕整秸秆半覆盖对旱地玉米生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of No-Tillage with Whole Stalk Half Mulch on Corn Growth and Development and Yield in Dry Land

3年试验研究结果表明,旱地玉米采用免耕整秸秆覆盖栽培具有显著的增产效果,在干旱年份尤为明显,3年平均产量比传统耕作玉米增产57.7%,增产幅度23.8%～191.0%.由于秸秆覆盖后土壤温度降低,玉米前期生长发育缓慢,进入拔节期后植株生长发育加快,抽雄前植株长势逐步赶上并超过对照.与传统耕作比较,免耕覆盖玉米具有根系发达、植株高、茎秆粗、叶面积大、干物质积累多、成穗率高、果穗大、穗粒数多、千粒重高等优良性状.

Three years' experimental results showed that application of no-tillage with whole stalk half mulch significantly increases corn yield in dry land,especially in dry years. Compared with the traditional cultivation,the 3-years' average yield increases by 57. 7%, ranging from 23. 8% to 191. 0%. Since stalk mulch causes the fall of soil temperature, corn growth becomes slower during the early growing period, but after the shooting period, it gets quicker. By male ear sprouting, it gradually catches up and sur-passses the control, Compared with the conventional cultivation,corn plant cultivated with no-tillage and stalk mulch has the following excellent characters: better developed root systems,higher stalk,thicker stem,bigger leaf area,more dry matter accumulation, more effective ear, larger ear, much more kernel number per ear, higher 1000-kernel weight and so on.