玉米自交系和杂交种抗茎腐病鉴定及其间抗性遗传关系的研究

Study on Stalk Rot Resistance Identication and Inheritance Laws between inbred Lines and Hybrids of Maize

１９８９～１９９３年利用当地主要致病菌──禾生腐霉菌和禾谷镰刀菌的新鲜菌剂，采用伤根法对４３６份自交系和５３份杂交种进行了人工接菌试验及其杂交种与自交系间抗性遗传关系的研究。结果表明：同亲缘的姊妹系对玉米茎腐病的抗性表现基本相同，利用含有一个高抗亲本的二环材料不一定能选出高抗新品系来，而应用含有两个抗病亲本的二环材料却易育成高抗系；玉米自交系对茎腐病的抗性与对其它病害的抗性无“拮抗”作用，杂交种Ｆ１代对茎腐病的抗病指数一般表现出优于其双亲平均抗病值；杂交种Ｆ１代对茎腐病的抗感病性多趋向于母本的抗感病性。

Artifical inoculation identification experiment and study on the inheritance laws between inbred lines and hybrids had been done during 1989-1993 to 436 inbred Lines and 53 single cross hybrids. In this project,plants were infected by fresh local prevalent stalk rot pathogenic fungi Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium graminearum to wounded roots.The results showed that the resistance of the sib inbred lines appeared similar.It is uncertain for a hybrid to have resistance when only one parent which is selected from a single cross hybrid is rersistance to stalk rot,but it might be a resistant one when both of two parents are resistant.Stalk rot resistance of maize inbred lines has no mutually condition with other diseases resistance.The stalk rot resistance index in F1 of hybrids generally appears higher than that of the average of the two parents.The F1 resistance(susceptibility)of hybrids tends towards that of the female parent.