安全裕度研究与应用进展

Progress in Study and Application of Safety Margin

随着人们对安全认识和需求的不断提高 ,安全裕度的概念越来越多受到工程设计界及人们日常生活的关注。笔者综述了安全裕度概念在不同工程技术领域应用情况 ,重点讨论了在压力容器设计、机械加工、电力系统运行、航空飞行管理、军备等复杂系统研究中安全裕度的含义、安全裕度设计方法以及应用安全裕度进行安全评定的方法。通过对安全裕度应用情况分析 ,表明安全裕度已经成为现代科学技术领域和日常生活中不可缺少的重要概念 ,广泛受到科技工作者和管理人员的高度重视。笔者还分析了目前安全裕度研究和应用方面存在的问题 ,提出了应尽快开展安全裕度理论的系统研究 ,使这一重要概念从目前主要以定性讨论为主上升到定量计算 ,建立安全裕度学科 ,并且使安全裕度理论成为安全科学重要组成部分的观点。

As the awareness and demand of safety increasing, the concept of safety margin appears more and more in engineering design and people's daily life. After reviewing the applications of the concept of safety margin in different science and engineering fields, the implication, design method, and the method of applying safety margin in safety assessment in the study of pressure vessel design, machinery processing, operation of power system, air control, and armament system were emphatically discussed. Through analyzing the situation of application of safety margin, it demonstrated that the concept of safety margin has become indispensable in the field of modern science and technology and people's daily life. Scientific and technological personnel and management staff has been paying more and more attention on it. The existing problems were also analyzed. It suggested that systematic study of safety margin is urgently needed, and the qualitative discussion of this concept should be turned to quantitative discussion. A new discipline of safety margin should be established, and the theory of safety margin should be merged into as an important component of safety sciences.