猕猴桃果实发育中内源激素水平变化的研究

Changes of Endogenous Hormones Level during Fertilization and Fruit Development of Actinidia Deliciosa 'Hayward'

应用酶联免疫法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）测定了美味猕猴桃‘Ｈａｙｗａｒｄ’受精和果实发育中内源生长素（ＩＡＡ）、玉米素（ＺＲｓ）和脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）水平的变化，以及未受精果实对这些激素变化的影响。结果表明，在花前子房中三类激素已有一定的水平。花后２天完成受精作用，初生胚乳核开始分裂。花后５－７天，合子分裂，果实中ＩＡＡ、ＡＢＡ含量达到高峰。花后１０－４０天和８０－１００天，果实各有一次快速膨大期，前期与果肉中ＺＲｓ、ＩＡＡ含量提高和ＡＢＡ含量降低密切相关；后期与果肉中ＺＲｓ含量提高有关，此时果心中ＡＢＡ含量大幅度提高对调节果实物质转化、淀粉积累和种子成熟起重要作用。讨论了果心和果肉的内源激素分布、未受精果实内源激素水平的变化及果实生长模式。

During the fertilization course and fruit development of Actinidia (Actinidia deliciosa 'Hayward'), the dynamic variation in content of endogenous indole acetic acid(IAA), cytokinin(ZRs) and abscisic acid(ABA) was measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The results showed that IAA, ZRs, and ABA were present in ovary in fairly high levels before blooming. Fertilization course was completed in 2 days after flowering. There was a relationship between the increase of IAA, ZRs,ABA content and fertilization. The content of IAA and ABA in fruit reached their peak value on 7th day after flowering, and it promoted the division of zygote and primary endosperm nucleus. During the 10- 40 days and 80-100 days after flowering, juvenile fruit went through two fast swelling periods, respectively. In the first period, its swelling was closely correlated with both of the increase of ZRs, IAA in fruit pulp and the decrease of ABA; in the second one, however, its swelling was only correlated with the increase of ZRs in fruit pulp. At this time, the increase of ABA content in fruit core (include carpellary wall and seed) played an important role in the processes of material transformation, starch accumulation of fruit and seed maturation.The distribution of IAA, ZRs and ABA in both fruit core and fruit pulp and changes in endogenous hormone levels in unfertilized young fruit were also discussed in this paper. This research provided a rationale for applying exogenous hormones to promote swelling of Actinidia fruit and parthenocarpic fruit.