不同植物对小麦、黄瓜和萝卜幼苗化感作用潜力的初步评价

Allelopathy of different plants on wheat,cucumber and radish seedlings

以小麦、黄瓜、萝卜为受体植物,用室内和田间生物测定方法,研究了甘肃省农区18种植物的化感作用.结果表明,黄花蒿、龙葵、曼陀罗植株茎叶的水抽提物对3种受体植物化感作用最强,其抑制综合效应(SE)分别为4 7. 6 6 %、32 . 89%和2 6. 6 3% ;其次是苍耳、马齿苋、刺儿菜、灰藜;其SE值分别为2 1 .71%、2 0. 93%、2 0 . 83%、2 0 . 2 % .对受体植物化感作用较弱的是野豌豆(SE- 3. 5 % )、狗尾草(SE2 . 2 % )、鹅绒藤(SE 1. 97% ) ;土荆芥(SE - 1 0 3% )、丛枝蓼(SE - 1 6 3% )、燕麦(SE- 5 33% )对受体植物无明显化感作用.黄花蒿对受体萝卜、黄瓜、小麦、玉米的苗高、植株鲜重有显著影响,其SE值分别为5 4 . 0 7%、38 .4 6 %、33.35 %、2 0 . 88% ;黄花蒿对田间小麦植株生长抑制的综合效应为4 4 . 70 % .

By means of bioassay in laboratory and field,this paper studied the allelopathy of 18 kinds of plants in Gansu Province on the seedlings of wheat,cucumber and radish.The results showed that the aqueous extract of the stems and leaves of Artemisia annua,Solanum nigrum and Datura stramonium had the strongest allelopathy on test receptor plants,and their synthetic inhibitory effect (SE) was 47.66%,32.89% and 26.63%,respectively.The SE of Xanthium sibiricum,Portulaca oleraca,Cephalanoplos segetum,and Chenopodium album was 21.71%,20.93%,20.83% and 20.2%,respectively,while Vicia amoena (SE 3.5%),Setaria viridis (SE 2.2%),and Cymamchum chinense (SE 1.97%) had a weaker allelopathy.Chenopodium ambrosioides (SE -1.03%),Polygonum caespitosum (SE -1.63%) and Avena fatua (SE 5.33%) had no evident allelopathy,but Artemisia annua affected the seedling height and fresh weight of radish,cucumber,wheat and maize,with the SE being 54.07%,38.46%,33.35% and 20.88%,respectively.Artemisia annua had a 44.70% of SE on wheat growth,and thus,had a certain value to develop and use.