乌托邦的社会制度简论

On the Social System in Utopia

莫尔所构想的乌托邦社会,其政治制度是民主政体;其经济制度是没有私有财产、在内部也没有金钱流通的全民公有制;乌托邦实行严格的人口控制政策;在婚姻方面,乌托邦实行一夫一妻制,并对婚前性行为和婚外性行为采取极为严厉的惩罚措施;在乌托邦中被称作奴隶的,实际上是两种人:重罪犯和二等公民。莫尔对于乌托邦社会的设想,作为对现实社会弊端的批判和对人类社会发展原则的启示,无疑是很有意义的;如果将其作为一种现实的社会模式,则并非都是适当的。

The political system in Utopia, More's fictional society, is democratic system; its economic system is a sort of whole-people ownership without private property or circulation of money even inside. Utopia practices severe birth-control policy. In marriage, Utopia carries monogyny, and applies severe punishment to sex out of wedlock. In Utopia, those who are called slaves are actually felony and second-class citizens. More's idea of Utopia is significant in the critique of the real society and the reveal of the social development rules. However, if we apply them to a system of a real society, it will not always be proper.