论美国印第安文学演变历程中的内外因素

On the Factors Influencing the Changing of American Indian Literature

印第安文学传统研究涉及美国文学的起始期确定问题,是美国文学发生学研究的重要内容之一。作为北美最早的居民,印第安人创造了辉煌的印第安文学传统。可是,由于印第安人在社会发展史上受到其民族发展阶段的制约和欧洲外来移民及其文学传统猛烈冲击的内外因素影响,致使美国印第安文学经历了由“主流文学”到“弱势文学”的演变过程。但是,印第安人及其文学为美利坚民族以及美国文学的产生和发展所起的不可磨灭的历史作用却是毋庸置疑的历史事实。

The studies of Indian literary traditions concerns the affirmation of the starting period of American literature, and it is also one of the important aspects of the studies of the origin of American literature. Because of being the earliest settlers of the North America, the Indians created the splendid Indian literary tradition. But, having been affected by their own restriction in their national development and the attacks from the European literary traditions, Indian literature witnessed the process of changing from “mainstream” to “weak-stream” of literature. But undoubtedly, Indians and their literature made their great contributions both to American nationality and American literature.