“公正补偿”与征收权的宪法限制

对土地和财产征收的公正补偿具有重要的理论与现实意义。从公共选择理论的视角讨论了美国联邦宪法规定征收必须给予“公正补偿”的理由 ,解释了美国法院通过判例确定“公正补偿”的计算标准 ,探讨了中国宪法修正案的补偿条款之解释。宪法修正案所要求的征收“补偿”必须是体现被征收财产市场公平价值的“公正补偿” ,且这项宪法要求必须在操作过程中获得立法与司法制度的适当保障。

There is theoretical and practical significance in the just compensation for the expropriation of land and properties. From the viewpoint of public choice theory, the reason, why American constitution prescribes private property should not be expropriated without just compensation, is given. American court established the calculational standard of just compensation. The amendment of China constitution about compensation is explained. The compensation must be just that embbodied the equitable market value of the property expropriated. Legislation and judicature must safeguard the application of the amendment. Otherwise, unjust compensation would give rise to serious consequences, which aggravate social conflicts and waste resources, etc.