施肥对无芒雀麦种子产量及产量组分的影响

Effect of fertilizer application on seed yield and yield components of Bromus inermis

以无芒雀麦为实验材料,经过2 年研究观测,结果发现,施氮处理对无芒雀麦种子产量影响显著,秋季施氮135 kg/hm2、春季施氮90 kg/hm2时,种子产量最高达1 723.1 kg/hm2;无芒雀麦种子产量的首要影响因素是单位面积的生殖枝数,生殖枝主要由上年果后短营养枝转化,施氮对单位面积的生殖枝数影响显著,春季施氮增加每生殖枝的小穗数、每小穗的小花数、每小穗的种子数,同时也可以增加当年单位面积的果后短营养枝数;秋季施氮主要增加当年单位面积的果后短营养枝数,使第2 年生殖枝数增加,其中秋季施氮135 kg/hm2,生殖枝数最多达728.3枝/m2。

The experiments of nitrogen application were conducted with Bromus inermis to study the changes of seed yield in 2002 and 2003. Seed yield of B. inermis was improved significantly at the application N rate. The maximum seed yield was 1 723.1 (kg/hm^2) at application N 135 (kg/hm^2) in the autumn and 90 (kg/hm^2) in the spring. The number of fertile tillers per a unit area was the most important for seed yield in all the components. They developed mainly from short vegetative shoots after fruit last year. Spikelets per a inflorescence, florets per a spikelet and seeds per a spikelet increased at the application N rate in the spring, and short vegetative shoots after fruit were also increased at application N rate. The nitrogen application in the autumn promoted mostly fertile tillers next year by increasing short vegetative shoots after fruit. The maximum fertile tillers were gotten at N 135 (kg/hm^2) application in last autumn.