我国男子500m速度滑冰优秀运动员疾跑技术的运动学研究

Kinematic Analysis on Sprint Techniqueof 500 m Elite Speed Skaters in China

运用标准的三维摄像DL T法测量和录像解析的方法,以参加2 0 0 2年全国速度滑冰冠军赛(哈尔滨站)的男运动员为研究对象,对其5 0 0 m比赛疾跑技术进行运动学研究。结果表明,1 )运动员在疾跑阶段髋、膝关节角速度变化受浮腿收摆影响较大,髋关节快速蹬伸的能力较弱;2 )运动员在疾跑阶段普遍髋、膝关节同时在蹬冰结束瞬间达最大值,而踝关节达最大值的时间相对滞后约0 .0 7s±0 .0 1 s,主要原因在于踝关节在蹬冰结束末期爆发式蹬冰速度力量较大;3 )运动员疾跑前四步步频差异不显著,步幅、着冰角和蹬冰角的大小对5 0 0

Through using the method of standard three-dimensional measurement and videotape analysis,taking the male speed skaters in 2002 National Speed Skating Championship as research subjects,this paper made kinematic analysis on sprint technique of 500 m speed skating competition.The result showed that the angle velocity of hip and knee joint was affected greatly by floating leg swing during the phase of sprint.The ability of hip extension and flexion is weak.The sudden maximal value of angle velocity of hip and knee was reached when pushing off finished,while the time of maximal value of ankle was delayed for 0.07 s±0.01 s.The main reason is explosive power of ankle joint's sudden burst.There was no significantly difference on stride frequency at first step sprint,while stride range,touching point and pushing off angle had great influence on sprint velocity of 500m speed skating competition.