论司马迁价值评价的片面性

On the Partiality in Si Maqian’s Value Evaluation

《史记》的人物传记,首先“实录”历史人物一生的重要事迹,其次在“太史公曰”里给予其价值评价。价值评价应具有普遍合理性,但有时司马迁的价值评价有其片面性。其一,他有时只从历史人物自身的过失缺陷上分析其败亡的原因,而忽视社会因素对其命运的影响。其二,他有时重视历史人物的道德评价而轻视其历史作用的评价。其三,有时他强烈的主观思想情绪遮蔽了其理性思考。

In the biographies of “Chronicles” one can find that some significant events of those historical figures are described in the beginning, and a value evaluation is given as a follow-up narration in the form of “royal historian says”. Value evaluation ought to have universal rationality, but Si Maqian’s value evaluation seems to be partial sometimes. First, Si Maqian tended to analyze the cause leading to a historical figure’s failure merely on the basis of such a historical figure’s personal drawback or weakness, and overlooked the influence of societal factors on him. Second, Si Maqian emphasized moral evaluation on the historical figures sometimes but overlooked evaluation on the influence they brought forth in history. Third, Si Maqian’s strong and subjective concept or emotion usually covered his rational thinking.