清代浙江湖州府的客民与地方社会

Migration and Local Society in Huzhou of Zhejiang Province in Qing Dynasty

地处江苏、浙江、安徽三省边缘地带的湖州府,是一个多低山丘陵,又有少量沿太湖下隰平原的地区。作为太湖水系的上游,这里的植被维护和水系稳定一直受政府的关注。但在清代,由于外来棚民的大增及其无节度的租垦活动,很快导致了山丘地区的植被破坏和水土流失,在引起河港水利淤废的同时,也加剧了水灾的危害,从而使生态条件并不稳定的湖州乡村出现了许多社会问题,土客冲突与治安难靖都相伴而来。可见,强调地区开发积极作用的同时,更应关注其负面影响,尤其是在科技水平还很低下的传统时代。

Huzhou was located in the upper reaches of TaiHu Lake. Local government always showed much concern on plant protection and river system stability in this area. In Qing Dynasty, with increase of migrators, plant destruction, soil erosion and many social problems concerned rose in Huzhou rural area.