濒危药用植物桃儿七的生物学特性及其保育措施

The biology and conservation of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum,an endangered medicinal herb

桃儿七为重要抗癌药物前体物来源物种,现正处在濒危状态,已被列为国家三级保护植物。本文全 面地综述了桃儿七的生物学特性,包括外部形态、地理分布、系统位置、生态学和群落学特性、发育生物学、繁 殖生物学、植物化学、细胞组织培养和内生真菌研究以及遗传学等研究。最后分析了引起桃儿七濒危的原因, 并提出了具体保育措施和研究展望。

Sinopodophyllum hexandrum(Royle)Ying is a herbaceous and rhizomatous species of great medicinal importance that is endangered in China. Several lignans have been isolated from its rhizomes,the most important being podophyllotoxin which has cytotoxic and antitumour properties and has been used in the treatment of certain forms of cancer. Recently,the frequency of this species in nature has declined considerably because of recklessly exploitation to meet the ever-increasing demand of pharmaceutical companies. In the natural habitat,seed germination and seedling establishment are very poor. Because the species is already endangered,and exploitation of its underground parts continues to exceed the rate of natural regeneration,it needs immediate attention for conservation. Studies of its biology and genetics are important for successful development of conservation strategies. This paper described the biological characters of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum,including morphology,distribution,systematics,development and morphogenesis,reproductive biology,ecology and population biology,phytochemistry,vitro culture and endophytic fungi,genetics and molecular biology, and presented future prospect and conservation strategies for this important medicinal species.