入侵中国大陆的红火蚁的鉴定及发生为害调查

Identification of red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta to invade China's Mainland and infestation in Wuchuan, Guangdong

根据形态特征鉴定结果首次证实红火蚁SolenopsisinvictaBuren入侵中国大陆 ,并调查了广东省吴川市红火蚁发生为害情况。调查结果表明 ,发生区内部分地点红火蚁发生密度较高 ,主要发生于较稳定的生态环境中 ,如荒坡、草地、长满杂草的田埂等。红火蚁已对当地农业生产、人们的身体健康、日常生活等造成了不利影响。此外 ,Cytb基因序列分析结果表明 ,采自美国佛罗里达和广东吴川的红火蚁与采自广东 4个地方的热带火蚁S .geminata (Fabr.)两物种间有 61个变异位点 ,种内变异为 0。限制性酶切多态实验 (RFLP)的结果显示 ,BamHI酶在红火蚁的特异扩增片段中有一个识别位点 ,而在热带火蚁中无酶切位点 ;MspI酶在热带火蚁的扩增片段中也有一个识别位点 ,而在红火蚁中无识别位点。有酶切位点的扩增产物在酶切后分别获得近 2 0 0bp与 2 5 0bp的片段各一带。因此 ,用PCR RFLP的方法可以简单快速地鉴别红火蚁和热带火蚁。

Red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, origin from Latin America including Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, was one of most dangerous and devastating pests in the world. It spreads continuously and invades many countries and regions now. It was found to infest in Wuchaun, Guangdong through identification of specimen collected. The population density and influence on agriculture, health was presented in this paper. 453 bp of Cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene from two populations (Florida, American and Wuchuan, Guangdong) of Solenopsis invicta and four populations of S. geminata from Guangdong were sequenced. These are 61 variable sits between these two species. No variable sit was found between the two populations in Solenopsis invicta. The result of RFLP showed that there was one restrictive site detected by restriction endonucleases MspI in the amplified segments of S. geminata but none of S. invicta's. BamHI digested amplified segments of S. invicta but not of S. geminata. Digestion of the 453 bp fragment by enzymes BamHI and MspI generates a 200 bp and a 250 bp fragment which could be used as a powerful tool for identification of these two species.