杂交水稻生理生化研究的现状与展望

Current Status and Prospect of Physiological and Biochemical Research on Hybrid Rice

综述了杂交水稻生理、生化研究的现状及其主要进展，重点论述了氨基酸、蛋白质变化、植物激素、能量代谢、酶活性、碳水化合物含量以及同化产物的分配等与不育系育性变化的关系，还从生化观点阐明了杂种优势表现的原因。最后，对借助于现代生物技术利用亚种间杂种优势以及今后研究的问题提出了看法。

The status of physiological and biochemical research on hybrid rice and its main progresses inthe past 30 years were presented in this report.The relationship between the fertility changes of male-sterilelines and amino acids,protein changes,carbohydrate content. plant hormones, energy metabolism, enzymeactivities and distribution of assimilation products was discussed. The physiological basis of heterosis in F1 ricehybrids was reviewed and the following conclusions were obtained : hybrid rice with the faster growth atseedling and vegetative stages,leaf area development ability, stronger root activity, higher dry matter produc-tion, higher photosynthesis,lower photo-respiration rate, wider adaptability and higher yielding ability. Thecauses of significant heterosis of F1 hybrids in rice were reviewed from the biochemical point of view. Finally,the prospect of utilizing the heterosis of intersubspecific F1 hybrids with the aid of biotechnology and the prob-lems present were analysized.