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酿酒酵母发酵糖类生产酒精的研究现状 被引量:6

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摘要 可再生资源如粮食或植物纤维发酵生产的酒精作为生物能源来代替或部分代替汽油,可以缓解石油日益枯竭的压力,同时具有绿色环保的社会效益.酿酒酵母(S.cerevisiae)是传统的酒精生产菌株,具备良好的工业生产性状,耗糖快、乙醇耐受力高、对水解糖液中有毒物质抗性强;全序列已测定,遗传操作技术也已经成熟.木质纤维素类物质是地球上最主要的可再生资源,木糖是半纤维素的主要组成部分,在植物纤维材料水解液中占30%左右,是继葡萄糖之后自然界中最丰富的糖分.目前,国内外均以淀粉为主要原料生产酒精,酿酒酵母缺乏分解淀粉所必需的淀粉酶,在发酵过程中淀粉需经蒸煮、α-淀粉酶液化处理和随后的酸解或酶解(糖化酶)糖化过程变成葡萄糖后才能被酵母利用,底物的处理成本占很大比例.酿酒酵母发酵糖类生产酒精是一个系统工程,生产流程长,生产工艺复杂,任何环节都可影响酒精生产和酒精产量.现将其研究现状综述如下.
出处 《中国微生态学杂志》 CAS CSCD 2005年第2期160-160,F003,共2页 Chinese Journal of Microecology
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