言语理解中的知觉符号表征与命题符号表征

PERCEPTUAL SYMBOL REPRESENTATION AND PROPOSITIONAL SYMBOL REPRESENTATION IN LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION

采用移动窗口技术探讨言语理解中信息表征的方式。被试为华南师范大学本科生 96名。实验材料按照探测图画中物体的形状跟先前阅读的句子中描述的物体的隐含形状的关系总体上分为两类,一类是匹配版本,一类是不匹配版本。采用相关样本t检验分别对两种条件下图画再认的反应时间和正确率进行统计分析。实验 1中被试读完句子以后马上进行图画探测任务,结果表明这时被试头脑中进行的是知觉符号表征。实验 2中被试的阅读任务难度增大,结果表明这时被试头脑中进行的是命题符号表征。实验 3中被试阅读的关键信息进入长时记忆以后再进行图画探测任务,结果表明这时被试头脑中进行的也是命题符号表征。总的实验结果表明言语理解中既存在知觉符号表征,也存在命题符号表征,知觉符号表征是信息表征的一种早期状态,人类头脑中最终的信息表征形式主要是命题符号表征。

Using moving window method to investigate the mode of information representation in language comprehension. Subjects were 96 university students in South China Normal University. According to whether the shape of the object in the picture was consistent with that in the sentence, the experimental materials were divided into two categories: consistent version and inconsistent version.The respond time and correct rate of picture recognition were analyzed with Paired-Samples t test. The results in experiment 1 showed that there is perceptual symbol representation in comprehension when subjects complete recognition task once after they read the key sentence. The results in experiment 2 showed that there is propositional symbolrepresentation in comprehension when comprehension task becomes more difficult. The results in experiment 3 showed that there is also propositional symbolrepresentation when related information is pushed into long-memory. The total results suggest that there are both perceptual symbol representation and propositional symbol representation in language comprehension, and perceptual symbol representation is only preliminary, whereas propositional symbol representation is final in human brain.