压力容器无损检测—超高压容器的无损检测技术

Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Vessels: Nondestructive Testing Technology for Ultra-High Pressure Vessels

超高压容器广泛运用在化学、石化、人造水晶、合成金刚石、等静压处理、超高静液压挤压、粉末冶金、金属成型、地球物理和地质力学等行业或领域。在其制造、使用过程中,无损检测是保证产品质量和保证安全使用的有效手段之一。由于超高压容器一般为锻造的厚壁筒体结构,制造过程中的无损检测以超声检测、磁粉检测和渗透检测为主。在用超高压容器的无损检测以表面检测为主,方法有工业内窥镜检查、磁粉检测、渗透检测、磁记忆检测和涡流检测等。超声检测既要检测部件内部又要兼顾内表面缺陷的检测。在容器使用过程中可用声发射进行实时监测。

Ultra-high pressure vessels are widely applied in the fields and industries of chemical, petrochemical, artifical crystal, compound diamond, isometrical hydrostatics treatment, ultra-high hydrostatics extrusion, powder metallurgy, material moulding, physical geography, geologic mechanism etc. Nondestructive testing(NDT) is one of the effective methods to ensure the quality of product and safety running during fabrication and use. The primary NDT methods for ultra-high pressure vessel during fabrication are ultrasonic testing, magnetic particle testing and penetrant testing for the structure character. The primary NDT methods for ultra-high pressure vessel in service are industrial inner peek-mirror examination, magnetic particle testing, penetrant testing, metal magnetic memory testing, eddy current testing and so on. Ultrasonic testing not only examines the inner defects but also the inner surface defects. Acoustic emission testing can be used for real-time monitor of the pressure vessel during operation of pressure vessel.