国际制度研究:从旧制度主义到新制度主义

The Study of International Institutions: From Old Institutionalism to New Institutionalism

国际制度研究在早期阶段具有形式或法律的制度主义的深刻印记,在研究方法上属于旧制度主义的范畴。行为主义革命的发生和“国际机制”概念的提出为新制度主义取代旧制度主义创造了学术积累上的必要条件。当前在国际关系研究中至少有三种不同的新制度主义,即理性选择制度主义、社会学制度主义和历史制度主义。就解释行动的基本逻辑而言,理性选择制度主义属于“预期结果逻辑”,社会学制度主义则属于“适当性逻辑”,但就历史观而言,理性选择制度主义和社会学制度主义都认为历史总是有效率的,历史制度主义则将无效率的历史带入研究议程。

The early study of international institutions had the obvious features of the formal or legal institutional analysis with the title of old institutionalism. The revolution of behavioralism and the concept of international regimes provided academic background for replacement of the new institutionalism for the old institutionalism. At least, the new institutionalism has been divided into three different types of new institutionalism: rational choice institutionalism, sociological institutionalism and historical institutionalism. As far as the basic logic of action is concerned, the rational choice institutionalism can be ascribed to the logic of expected consequences, and sociological institutionalism can be attributed to the logic of appropriateness. However, rational choice institutionalism and sociological institutionalism share the same concept of efficient histories. On the contrary, the historical institutionalists insist that histories are often inefficient and thus bring history back in their institutional approach.