上海市胆道癌诊治情况的调查和分析

A survey on the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract cancers in Shanghai

目的评估上海市胆道癌的诊治情况.方法对上海市区1997年6月至2001年5月4年间年龄在35～74岁的658例胆道癌新病例进行流行病学调查,对收集到的390例胆囊癌、195例胆管癌和73例壶腹癌的临床资料进行分析.结果资料显示,胆道癌好发于老年人;胆囊癌男女之比为1∶ 2.61;胆管癌和壶腹癌则男性略多于女性.胆囊癌、胆管癌和壶腹癌分别有68.5%、43.1%和22.4%的患者合并胆结石.胆囊癌的B超诊断准确率为63.1%,意外胆囊癌占20%,ⅣA和ⅣB期胆囊癌占43.6%.胆管癌和壶腹癌的误诊率较高,分别为19.1%和47.1%,且就诊时大多数患者已出现黄疸.69例(18.2%)胆囊癌、50例(25.6%)胆管癌和54例(74%)壶腹癌行根治性切除术,术后1、3、5年生存率分别为58.5%、42.8%、40.7%, 58%、28.3%、11.1%和81.5%、39.2%、26.9%.79例胆管癌行姑息性引流术,大多数患者在术后1年内死亡.38例胆管癌植入金属内支架或塑料内支撑管,平均生存期约7个月.结论胆道癌的早期诊断仍较困难;应重视胆囊癌手术方法的规范化;怀疑胆管癌而无手术禁忌证宜手术探查;壶腹癌宜行胰十二指肠切除术.

Objective To survey the status of diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract cancer in Shanghai. Methods A clinical epidemiology investigation was carried out on 658 new cases of biliary duct cancers aged 35-74, that registered between June 1997 and May 2001 in urban Shanghai. Clinical findings were collected in 390 gallbladder cancer, 195 bile duct cancer and 73 ampullary cancer. Results Biliary tract cancers mainly occurred in elderly patients. Ratio of males to female was 1∶2.61 in gallbladder cancer, while bile duct cancer and ampullary cancer were slightly more common in men. Association with gallstones was 68.5%, 43.1% and 22.4% for gallbladder cancer, bile duct cancer and ampullary cancer, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy rate of B-ultrasonography was 63.1% in gallbladder cancer. Incidental gallbladder cancer accounted for 20%, while stage ⅣA and ⅣB patients reached up to 43.6%. Misdiagnosis rate was still high in bile duct cancer and ampullary cancer, it was 19.1% and 47.1% respectively. In addition, most patients presented jaundice at diagnosis. 69 cases (18.2%) of gallbladder cancer, 50 cases (25.6%) of bile duct cancer and 54 cases (74%) of ampullary cancer underwent radical resection , the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 58.5%, 42.8% and 40.7%, 58%, 28.3% and 11.1%, 81.5%, 39.2% and 26.9%, respectively. 79 patients with bile duct cancer underwent palliative drainage, and most cases died within 1 year. Metal endoprotheses or plastic stents were placed into the biliary tract in 38 patients. The median survival was about 7 months. Conclusions It is difficult to make early diagnosis of biliary tract cancers. Standardization of the operation for gallbladder cancer must be respected. surgical exploration should be undertaken when a bile duct cancer is suspected and there are no contraindications to surgery. Pancreatoduodenectomy should be recommended for ampullary cancer.