高危患者股骨粗隆间骨折的微创治疗

Minimally invasive treatment for intertrochanteric fractures of the femur in high-risk patients

目的探讨骨外固定器微创治疗高危患者股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效. 方法 1996年6月～2004年6月,采用成角度进针单臂骨外固定器治疗至少合并一种严重系统性疾病的老年股骨粗隆间骨折77例,平均年龄71.3岁.骨折类型:顺粗隆间骨折70例(按Evan分型),包括Ⅰ型5例,Ⅱ型11例,ⅢA型34例,ⅢB型9例,Ⅳ型11例;逆粗隆间线骨折7例.77例中多发伤8例. 结果随访5～60个月,平均24.3个月.骨折全部愈合,愈合时间8～20周,平均12周.术后无骨折不愈合及髋内翻等畸形愈合.按创伤性髋关节功能评分:优49例,良21例,差7例(均为因内科疾病死亡病例),优良率91%. 结论骨外固定器微创治疗高危老年患者股骨粗隆间骨折是切开手术内固定的替代方法,对多发创伤患者亦可达到迅速、有效的固定.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of minimally invasive external fixation in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur in high-risk patients. Methods By using a monolateral external fixator with oblique pin-insertion, we treated 77 consecutive elderly patients (mean age, 71.3) with intertrochanteric fractures of the femur associated with at least one kind of severe systemic diseases from June 1996 to June 2004. Fractures included 70 cases of anterograde intertrochanteric fracture (According to the Evans classification, there were 5 cases of type Ⅰ fracture, 11 cases of type Ⅱ, 34 type ⅢA, 9 type ⅢB, and 11 type Ⅳ.) and 7 cases of retrograde intertrochanteric fracture. A total of 8 patients were combined with multiple injuries. Results A follow-up was made for 5~60 months (mean, 24.3 months). Complete bone union was achieved in all the patients within a period of 8~20 weeks (mean, 12 weeks). Postoperatively, no non-union or coxa vara occurred. According to the Harris hip scores, 49 patients were classified as “excellent” results, 21 as “good”, and 7 as “poor” (all of which were fatal cases), the “excellent-and-good” rate being 91%. Conclusions Minimally invasive external fixation is an alternative to open internal fixation in the management of intertrochanteric fractures in high-risk elderly patients, especially suitable to those with multiple injuries.