酸雨对土壤－植物系统的环境效应研究──酸雨喷淋对稻和麦生理的影响

Studies on the environmental influence of acid rain aganst soil-plant system:The effects of acid rain spraying on the physiology and developlnent of rice and wheat.

采用不同ｐＨ、离子组成及与研究（浙江省）自然降雨相近的模拟酸雨，分别在作物营养生长和生殖生长期喷淋。试验表明，经酸雨特别是高酸度酸雨喷淋后，对稻、麦叶片的电解质外渗率、叶绿素含量、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性、叶片气孔导度和净光合速率等均有一定的抑制或负作用，尤以作物营养生长期影响较大。电镜检验结果表明，高酸度（ｐＨ２．５）酸雨对叶片亚显微结构有直接伤害．在产量上水稻以负影响为主，而小麦似有促进作用，对稻、麦籽粒蛋白质含量的影响则均不明显．

Imitative acid rain with various acidity,similarly to the Research Area(natural rainfall ion population of Zhejiang Province)was conducted by spraying them separately during vegetative and reproductive stage of rice and wheat.The resuLt showed that after the spray of acid rain,espe- cially with high acidity,the external osmotic ratio Of electrolyte,chlorophyll content,activlty of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase,leaf stomata conductivity,and net photosythetic ratio of rice and wheat leaves were all indicated restrained or negative action. Relatively speaking,acid rain resulted in more physiological affect during vegetative stage,and the result of microscopic examination showed that high acidity(pH 2.5)of acid rain gave direct harm to the submicroscopic structure of leaves. As for the effect on crop yield, rice and wheat displayed contrary tendency,the yield of wheat seemed to get promoting effect,but rice showed negatively. The effect of seed protein con- tent of both rice and wheat were not obvious.