榨菜瘤状茎形成及其与花芽分化的关系

Studies.ou the formation of stem swelling and the bud differentiation and their relationship in tuber mustard

采用播种期试验与光照处理相结合的方法，研究了榨菜（ＢｒａｓｓｉｃａｊｕｎｃｅａＣｏｓｓ．ｖａｒ．ｔｕ－ｍｉｄａＴｓｅｎｅｔＬｅｅ）瘤状茎的形成及其与花芽分化的关系。结果表明，影响瘤状茎形成的主要生态因子是温度和光照。在杭州（北纬３０°）地区，春季适合瘤状茎形成的５天平均温度为７．７—１７．７℃，日照长度从１１．Ｏ小时延长至１２．７小时；秋季适合瘤状茎形成的５天平均温度为２２．５—５．７℃，日照长度从１２．７小时缩短至１０．３小时。在适合榨菜瘤状茎形成的生长时期给予连续光照，则能抑制瘤状茎的形成，在杭州地区，无论是长日照或短日照，在旬平均５．４—２６．３℃条件下，榨菜一年四季都会进行花芽分化。４月中、下旬播种的，从播种至花芽分化的时间最短，仅３６—４１天。花芽分化的旬平均温度为１９．９℃，日照为１３．７小时，长日照具有促进花芽分化的作用，１０月上中旬为榨菜生产上的主要播种季节，花芽分化和瘤状茎形成均在翌春，榨菜瘤状茎充分膨大，三层瘤状物明显突起，花芽分化至始蕾期，标志瘤状茎成熟。榨菜的部分营养生长期与部分生殖生长期交错重叠。

In order to study the formation of stem swelling and bud differentiation of tuber mus-tard (Brassica juncea Coss. var, tumida Tsen et Lee.),the cv.“Zhetong No.1” was sown in dif-ferent cultivated time and two illuminative treatment,i.e, natural and continuous photoperiod,The results were as following:It has been found that the main factors influcing the stem swelling formation were temperature and photoperiod.In Hangzhou area (30°N),the five-day average tem-perature and the photoperiod in which the stem swelling began to form were 5.7 22.5℃and 12.7h, respectively。In spring because of the long-day, the upper limit of temperature came down 5℃,and the lower limit of temperature rose to 2℃. Furthermore,when the plants of tuber mus-tard were treated with illumination of 24 h/day,the tuber mustard formation was never occurred,it could be sure that the photoperiod and temperature is very important to the formation the stem swelling,On the other hands,the bud differentiation would be carried out all year round,though the most suitable temperature and photoperiod for bud differerntiation was 20 ℃ and 14 h,respec-tively. In fact, because of the stem swelling begining to form always lagged behind the bud differ-entiaton,there was a period in which vegetative and reproductive period were altinativly. Based on this concept,the basis of vegetative growth would be very importment to the formation of the stem swelling in tuber mustard.