大杯蕈的营养价值及生物学特性研究

Studies on the nutritive value and biological characteristics of Clitocybe maxima:

本文分析了大杯蕈（Ｃｌｉｔｏｃｙｂｅｍａｘｉｍａ）子实体的主要营养成分并试验了其菌丝体生长的生物学特性。结果表明，子实体中含有较高的蛋白质，菌盖中蛋白质（Ｎ×４３８）的含量为干重的１８５％，菌柄为１３７％。氨基酸分析表明，子实体中含１６种氨基酸，菌盖中氨基酸总量为２２％，菌柄中为１４％。氨基酸组成中必需氨基酸占４３％，比香菇、蘑菇、平菇等均高。尤其是作为一般食用菌的第一限制氨基酸蛋氨酸的比例高达３％，约为香菇的２倍。供试的菌丝生长温度范围为１０～３５℃，最适为２５℃左右；ｐＨ值范围为３～１０，最适为７～８；基质含水量范围为４５～７５％，最适为６０～７０％。菌丝体能在供试的５种基质配方上生长，以杂木屑为主要基质的配方上生长最好。

The proximate composition of Clitocybe maxima Quel was analyzed and the biological characteristics were tested. On a dry weight basis, crude protein (N×4 38) contributed 18 5% of the pileus and 13 7% of the stipe respectively. The sporophore contained 16 amino acids. The total amino acids constituted 22% of the pileus and 14% of the stipe respectively. C. maxima is comparable to Lentinus edodes, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus spp. both in terms of amino acid composition and percentage of essential amino acids in the total amino acid pool. In fact, C. maxima contained a high percentage (43%) of essential amino acids. It is even more important that the pileus had a high content (3%) of methionine which is the first limiting amino acid for most mushrooms. The tested temperature for the mycelial growth ranged from 10℃ to 35℃ with the optimum of 25℃. The pH values ranged from 3 to 10 with the optimum of 7～8. The moisture content of substrate ranged from 45% to 75% with the optimum of 60～70%. The mycelium could grow in the five formulations of substrate tested, and most vigrously in the formulation of sawdust.