湖南省生态农业研究与示范

Researches and Demonstration on Profit Eco-agriculture in Hunan Province

论述了湖南省近10年(1994～2003年)在生态农业研究与实践方面取得的主要成就。在编制全省生态农业发展规划和评价标准的同时,按山区、丘陵、平湖、城郊和工矿5大生态经济类型区设置生态农业试点县市,进行大规模的县域生态农业建设与示范,建立了山地"林-药-果"、丘陵"草-粮-牧"、岗地"果-粮-猪"等7种不同区域类型的生态农业模式,并系统地分析其结构、功能与演化过程,及生态农业发展的规律、步骤和原理;针对全省水土流失、化肥农药及"三废"污染等因素导致的农业生态系统退化严重等问题,全面展开丘岗资源保护性开垦、经济绿肥开发、稻草易地还土、有机专用配方肥研制、农药有害残留物控制降解、退化农业生态系统恢复重建等实用技术攻关,均取得了重大突破。通过近10年的生态农业建设与示范,5个试点县市的生态环境质量得到显著改善,农业与农村经济得到巨大发展,累计推广应用了326 7万hm2、新增产值50 9亿元。

This paper reviewed the primary developments of the researches and constructions on eco-agriculture in recent 10 years (1994～2000),Hunan province. Development plan and evaluation standard of the eco-agriculture construction were established,at the same time,5 counties or towns(represented mountain,hill,lake,suburb and mining eco-economic area respectively)were selected to carry out big-scaled,county-based eco-agriculture construction and demonstration. 7 profit eco-agriculture mode aiming at different regional types were set up,including 'woodland -herb-orchard','grass-cereal-pasture' and 'orchard-cereal-pig' etc. The structures,functions and evolution processes of different eco-agriculture mode were analyzed systematically to open out the rules,steps and principles of eco-agriculture construction. Aiming at major problems which caused the degradation of agricultural system such as water and soil loss,fertilizer and pesticide pollution,industrial '3 waste' pollution etc,the practical techniques researches,including protective reclamation of hilly region resource,economic green manure comprehensive utilization,rice straw returning to upland,special compound fertilizer(organic-inorganic),degradation technique of pesticide residue,restoration of degraded agricultural ecosystem,were carried out and have made important progress. Through researches and demonstrations in 10 years,the agricultural eco-environment of 5 trial counties improved obviously,agriculture and rural economics received big progress. The results were applied in 326.7×10~4hm^2,and the newly added production value reached RMB 5 090 million.