论人大主权权威

The Sovereign Authority of National People’s Congress

现行中国宪法设定的国家机构中,人大是国家主权机关,中国人大制度的建设,最根本的就是要确立人大的权威,使人大的四项主权性权能———立法权、选举权、决定权和监督权真正成为控制和约束国家行政机关、审判机关和检察机关的主权性权力。同时,为了防止人大主权失控,应建立以党的领导为核心的人大监督机制,党的领导对人大的监督成为人民对人大监督的最主要的形式———在这种监督中,人民群众的监督转变为以党的领导为特点的有组织的监督,因而是一种有先进思想理论武装的强大的无产阶级政党领导下的监督。人大权威由于这种监督,不仅能够较好地行使人大的主权,而且从人民到人大,从人大到其他国家机关,再由其他国家机关到人大,人大到人民之间形成了一种良性的控制和约束权力的机制,使有中国特色的社会主义法治文明成为可能。

The current Chinese constitution stipulates that the National People’s Congress, among all state organs, is the national sovereign authority. The essence of the construction of the NPC is to establish the authority of the NPC, enabling the four sovereign powers-legislative power, franchise, decision making and supervision-to become the real sovereign power to control and restrict the national administrative organs, the adjudicatory organs, and the prosecuting authorities. On the other hand, to avoid abuse of the sovereignty of the NPC, a supervision mechanism must be established with the leadership of the Party at the core. The Party’s supervision over the NPC is the major form of supervision the public can exert on the congress-supervision of the public takes on the form of an organizational supervision featuring the Party’s leadership, and thus become a supervision under the leadership of the powerful proletarian party armed with advanced ideological theories. Such supervision not only helps the NPC better implement its sovereignty, but also forms a virtuous mechanism of power control and restriction where supervision runs from the public to the NPC, from the NPC to other state organs, from these other state organs to the NPC, and the then back to the public. This makes possible the socialist civilization of’rule by law’ with Chinese characteristics.