1978年版与1996年版《现代汉语词典》中方言语词的比较

Comparative research on dialects between the version in 1978 and that in 1996 in modern Chinese dialect

1978年版和1996年版的《现代汉语词典》在方言语词的收录上发生了不小的变化。1973年版的《现代汉语词典》共收录方言语词2427条,而1996年版的《现代汉语词典》共收录方言语词2732条。其中,二者都有的方言语词是2037条,1996年版新增方言词有483个,新增方言义有137个,1978年版是而1996年版不是方言词、方言义的有218个。但从总体上来讲,《现代汉语词典》在收录方言语词时始终保持一个稳定的量,一是因为方言语词在地域、年龄、职业等方面有其自身的特点和使用范围,因而不会突然大量地增加;二是因为“普—方”之间隐润现象的存在,因而也不会突然大量地减少。

Compared with the version in 1978,the version in 1996 has great changes in the collection of dialects. The version in 1978 collected 2427 dialectical words,whereas the version in 1996 has 2732 dialectical terms.There are 2037 dialectical words in both of them.The version in 1996 added 483 new dialectical words,and 137 new dia- lectical meanings.There are also 228 words and expressions which exist in 1996 version but not in the 1978 ver- sion.Wholly speaking the amount of words in both of them remains almost the same.There are two reasons:one is that dialects have their own features using domains in terms of region,age and profession and so on.The other is the existing pheomenon of hidden-permeating between dialects and mandarin Chinese.So there never occurs the phe- nomenon in which a large number of expressions arise or vanish.