转基因抗虫棉杂交种育苗移栽高产栽培途径的研究

High-Yielding Cultural Approach for the Transgenic Hybrids of Bollworm Resistant Cotton by Transplanting Patterns

为充分发挥转基因抗虫棉杂交种的产量潜力,2 0 0 1- 2 0 0 2年在扬州大学江苏省重点栽培生理实验室和江苏主要棉花产区研究了转基因抗虫棉杂交种中棉所2 9、鲁棉研15在育苗移栽种植方式下,在不同的密度和氮钾肥料运筹下群体果节量、成铃特点、铃重和产量的变化特点。结果表明,转基因抗虫棉杂交种通过适当降低密度,保持在30 0 0 0～375 0 0株·hm- 2 ,果节量控制在30 0万·hm- 2 左右,成铃率可达到35 %以上,从而获得高产。根据高产情况下棉株壮个体优势果枝数增多、优势果枝节位上移以及上、下部位成铃数、成铃率、铃重提高等特点,提出了抗虫棉杂交种的“优、壮、高”高产栽培途径,用优化群体、壮个体的途径容易形成适宜果节量和高成铃率的高产群体。

The objective of this study was to investigate a high-yielding cultural approach by analyzing the number of fruit-nodes, boll setting distribution, boll weight and lint yield in two transgenic hybrids of bollworm resistant cotton (Zhongmian 29 and Lumian 15) under different planting densities, strategies of nitrogen potassium applications. The experiments were conducted at Yangzhou University Farm, and other cotton production area of Jiangsu Province, China during the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons. Four planting densities (2.25, 3.0, 3.75 and 4.5×104 plant·ha -1) in 2001, and two combination treatments of nitrogen application and planting density, three strategies of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer supply in 2002 were designed. The results showed that the higher yield for the transgenic hybrids could be easily achieved when the planting density ranged from 30 000 to 37 500 plant·ha -1 (Table 3, Table 4), in which the number of fruit-nodes was about 3 million·ha -1, boll setting rate exceeded 35% (Table 1). It suggested that the high yield cultural approach of the transgenic hybrids was to maintain optimum planting density and fruit-nodes in the population, and to make the cotton individual plant strong in development, and higher in boll setting rate. Thus the high lint yield can be expected.