简论对异体字的准确理解和认识兼及教学

On the Precise Understanding and Cognizance of the Hetero-formed Char acters and the Teaching

古代文献中的异体字有广义狭义的分别。狭义的异体字概念界定比较严格,依据它的准则判断,并並、布佈、吃喫、仇雠、豆荳等都不是异体字。1955年《第一批异体字整理表》将它们列为异体字,遵循的是广义的原则。高等院校古代汉语课程讨论的则是狭义的异体字。由此联系教学,针对学生古代汉语基础和能力的实际状况,教师应当重视基本概念的讲解,辨析清楚每个概念的内涵与外延,注重实际练习。对已经学习过的知识要经常温习,加深学生记忆。

Hetero-formed characters are defined generally as well as specifically in ancient literatures. The specific-defined hetero-formed characters are compa ratively rigid, according to the norm of which such characters as 并並、布佈、吃喫 、仇雠、豆荳 are not hetero-formed ones. Instead, they are regarded hetero-formed in The List of Hetero-formed Characters (First Version) in accordance with the g eneral-defined principle, whereas on the class of ancient Chinese in high school s and universities, they are discussed specifically. Hence, more attention must be paid by the teachers when teaching ancient Chinese, in view of teaching and t he actual condition of the basic and capacity of the students in ancient Chinese learning, to the explanation of basic definition, the connotation and denotatio n of each of it and practical exercises. Meanwhile, the revision must be made re gularly to consolidate the memory of the students.