论行政责任与民事责任的严格区分——以现行交通事故相关处理规定为例

On the Discrepancy of Administrative Obligation and Civil Obligation ——To Take the Actual Traffic Accident Disposal Provision for Example

行政责任是指违反国家行政法规所规定的行政义务或法律禁止事项而应承担的法律责任。其特征是:(一)行政责任以行政义务的存在为前提;(二)行政责任是违反行政义务的行为人应承担的法律责任;(三)行政责任种类呈多样化形式。民事责任是民事主体违反民事义务所应承担的法律后果,它是法律责任中一种独立的责任。其特征是:(一)民事责任以民事义务的存在为前提;(二)民事责任是违反民事义务的行为人应承担的法律责任;(三)民事责任主要是财产责任。严格区分行政责任和民事责任是促使立法质量“与时俱进”的重要因素之一。

Administrative obligation has three characters.First,administrative obligation takes administrative incumbency as precondition.Second,administrative obligation should be taken on by people who has violated administrative code. Third,administrative obligation has many kinds of formats.Civil obligation indicates that civil people should bear juristic aftereffect because of his violating civil code.Civil obligation has three characters too.First,civil obligation takes civil incumbency as precondition.Second,civil obligation should be taken on by civil people who have violated civil code.Third,civil obligation has mostly been wealth obligation.Administrative obligation indicates that people should bear juristic aftereffect because of his violating administrative code. We should differentiate civil obligation and administrative obligation to optimize our lawmaking.