医学院校学生传染性非典型肺炎流行期间心理状态与气质类型的关系

Relationship between mental status during severe acute respiratory syndrome and type of temperament in students of medical college

目的:调查传染性非典型肺炎(SARS)流行期间封闭管理下的医学院校学生心理健康状况及其与气质类型的关系。方法:采用精神卫生症状自评量表和艾森克测试问卷,对2003-04-28/06-28SARS封闭管理期间不与外界接触的沈阳医学院成人教育学院一年级住校专科学生146人进行问卷调查。以精神卫生症状自评量表总分超过160分或阳性项目数超过43项或任一因子分超过2分为筛查阳性,视为有心理问题发生。按艾森克四种气质类型分成胆汁质组、抑郁质组、多血质组、黏液质组,计算各组心身症状总分。结果:纳入分析的学生146人,实验过程中由于问卷漏项脱落4人,进入结果分析142人,收回符合调查标准的问卷142份,回收率97%。①精神卫生症状自评量表筛查心理问题阳性率为67.6%(96/142)。②精神卫生症状自评量表总分胆汁质组和抑郁质组均高于多血质组和黏液质组[(165.70±35.90),(149.79±35.05),(132.70±23.97),(125.30±20.74)分]。结论:SARS作为一种应激源引发或加重了大部分学生的心理问题。四种气质类型中胆汁质、抑郁质气质类型的学生在负性生活事件出现时更易产生心理问题。

AIM:To investigate the mental health status and its relationship with their ty pe of temperament in students of medical college under closed management during severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS). METHODS:Between April 28th and June 28th,146 freshmen,who were studying in the School of Adult Education,Shenyang Medical College for diploma's degree and did not contact with the outside during the period of closed management due to SARS ,were evaluated with Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ) and symptom checklis t 90(SCL 90).Students, whose total score of SCL 90 was over 160,or number of positive items was more than 43,or who had any item score more than 2,were scree ned for positive and considered to have mental problems.They were divided into c holeric temperament group,melancholic temperament group, phlegmatic temperament group and sanguine temperament group according to the 4 types of temperament in EPQ,and the total score of psychosomatic symptoms in each group was calculated. RESULTS:Totally 146 students took part in the analysis,and 4 lost for they mis sed some items of the questionnaire during the study, finally 142 of them were i nvolved in the analysis of results, and 142 questionnaires accorded with the cri teria of investigation,the re collection rate was 97%.①The positive rate of m ental problems screened with SCL 90 was 67.6%(96/142).②The total score of SCL 90 was higher in the choleric temperament group(165.70±35.90) and melancholic temperament group(149.79±35.05) than in the sanguine temperament group(132.70 ±23.97) and phlegmatic temperament group(125.30±20.74). CONCLUSION:SARS as a source of stress induces or aggravates the mental problem s of most students.Among the 4 temperaments, students with choleric and melancho lic temperaments are much easier to have mental problems in negative life events .