人格测验的研究进展

Progress in personality test

目的:试通过总结国内外较为流行的人格测验,介绍其发展过程、理论基础与编制原则、作用与意义,总结其优缺点,以利于人格测验得到更好的研究与应用。资料来源:应用网络www.google.com,Medline检索近3年内中国医学核心期刊,应用CHKD期刊全文库检索10年内中国医学期刊全文库以及1994-01/2004-12人格测验研究方面的相关文献,逐一校对,检索词:人格测验,人格量表,心理测量,研究进展。资料选择:选择与人格测验,人格量表,心理测量应用与研究状况等高度相关的文献48篇。资料提炼:在48篇文献中,内容呈不同程度重复的有23篇,给予删除;对25篇文献进行分类整理,用于综述,其中10篇选用为参考文献。资料综合:人格测验科学发展至今尚不足百年,但它却以其迅猛的势头在世界范围内广泛普及,在诸如人格、兴趣、职业、动机、成就等领域先后产生广泛应用。进入20世纪四五十年代之后,心理学家编制了一批较为成熟的人格测验,同时更加注重人格测验理论的研究,使其科学性大大提高。人格测验根据理论基础与编制原则主要分为即客观量表类和投射技术两大类,其下又有很多细类,不同测验有自己的侧重点与应用范围。人格测验的研究在国内起步较晚,目前主要是修订国外的人格测验量表引入国内使用。

OBJECTIVE:The paper introduces the progressive process,theoretical basis, maki ng principle,effect and significance of personality test through generalizing th e prevalent personality test at home and abroad, and summarizes the advantage an d shortage,which is beneficial for the study and application of personality test . DATA SOURCES:An online search of www.google.com and Medline was undertaken to search the Chinese medical core journal of the recent 3 years.Meanwhile,articles on personality test published in the past 10 years in Chinese Medical journal f ull text database by using the China Hospital Knowledge Database(CHKD),and the relevant studies between January 1994 and December 2004 were searched and checke d one by one,the keywords were “personality test,personality scale,psychologica l scale,study progress'. STUDY SELECTION:Forty eight literatures,which were highly correlated with per sonality test, personality scale, psychological scale and study progress,were se lected. DATA EXTRACTION:Among the 48 literatures,23 were deleted because they are repe ated to different degrees,and the rest 25 were classified and sorted for review, and 10 of them served as references. DATA SYNTHESIS:The scientific development of personality test was no more than one hundred years,but it had been worldwidely applied rapidly in the fields of personality, interest,occupation,incentive and achievement.In 1940s and 1950s,ps ychologists had compiled some mature personality scales,and they paid more atten tion to the theoretical study at the same time,which greatly improved the scient ific aspect.According to the theoretical basis and making principle,personality test was mainly classed into objective scale and projective technique,which coul d be classified into many small kinds,different tests had their own emphasis and applicative range.The origination of study on personality tests was later in Ch ina,and most of the tests used in China were the modification of the scales brou ght from abroad,however,there were some self designed scales considering the ch aracteristics of Chinese people recently, and the Chinese personality assessment inventory(CPAI) made by Wang and C was the most typical one.More and more paper s about personality test appeared, indicating that obvious progress had achieved in the study of personality test. CONCLUSION:Although evaluation to personality test is good or bad, it makes gr eat progress in quality and extent during recent tens of years,and the successfu l application of Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory(MMPI) is a good exa mple. All the tests are influenced by cultural difference to a broad sense, none of the tests can generalize the whole human behavior.It is important that to di stinguish the practicable area and cultural extension,and then the test is carri ed out and the correct explanation is made according to the scores of test.