非病毒载体在肿瘤基因治疗领域的研究进展

Prospects for Nonviral Carriers in Gene Therapy Against Cancer

随着肿瘤基因治疗领域的研究进展,临床应用逐渐增多。载体是癌症基因治疗的主要难题。当前广泛使用的病毒载体存在的安全问题越来越受到人们的重视,已经有多种非病毒载体用于肿瘤基因治疗,如:裸DNA直接注射、阳离子脂质、阳离子聚合物。研究非病毒载体的目标是:它能像靶向的合成病毒载体那样对肿瘤组织表现出高度特异性;具有很高的转染效率;潜在的安全性问题能够被控制。

Gene therapy possesses a tremendous potential for the successful treatment of cancer. In spite of this progress in gene therapy, a major problem in the application of cancer gene therapy is the lack of a safe and efficient delivery system for nucleic acids. As viral vectors possess toxicity and immunogenicity, non-viral strategies are becoming more and more attractive. The most important non-viral vectors in gene delivery against cancer, such as naked DNA, cationic lipids and cationic polymers are introduced in this paper. The delivery system which we set up in the future must be targeted to cancer tissues, has a high transfection efficiency and its potential safety problems must be controlled.