低温对家蝇卵及蛹的影响

Impact of Low Temperature on Egg and Pupa of Musca domestica

目的探讨低温对家蝇卵孵化率以及蛹羽化率的影响。方法室内连续饲养的家蝇第4代卵,置于2℃分别处理1、2、3、4和5d后,取出置于室内(26℃)孵化,记录处理不同时间后的孵化率。第4代1日龄蛹和3日龄蛹,分别置于2℃和6℃处理1、2、3、4和5d后,取出置于室内羽化,记录不同日龄以及不同时间的低温处理后的羽化率。结果家蝇卵经不同时间2℃低温处理后的孵化率依次为(91.52±7.70)%、(85.93±18.99)%、(48.52±19.48)%、0、0;家蝇1日龄蛹经不同时间2℃低温处理后的羽化率依次为(75.00±13.54)%、(51.25±13.15)%、(30.00±15.81)%、(6.25±6.29)%、(6.25±4.79)%;1日龄蛹经不同时间6℃低温处理后的羽化率依次为(88.75±4.79)%、(66.25±10.31)%、(40.00±12.91)%、(37.50±18.48)%、(12.50±6.45)%;3日龄蛹经不同时间2℃低温处理后的羽化率依次为(90.0±7.07)%、(78.75±11.09)%、(57.50±9.57)%、(61.25±11.09)%、(32.50±22.55)%;3日龄蛹经不同时间6℃低温处理后的羽化率依次为(92.50±5.00)%、(90.00±10.80)%、(88.75±2.50)%、(90.00±5.77)%、(66.25±10.31)%。结论家蝇卵经2℃低温处理4d后即不能孵化幼虫,卵对低温的耐受力比蛹弱。温度越低,蛹羽化率越低,低温处理时间越长,蛹羽化率越低;蛹日龄越大。

Objective To investigate the effect of low temperature on the egg and pupa of housefly Musca domestica. Methods The eggs of housefly recored for 4 generations in laboratory were collected and treated at ~2 ℃ for different days, then kept at ~26 ℃ , after hatched, the hatching rates were caculated and recorded. One day and 3 days pupae were collected and treated at ~2 ℃ and ~6 ℃ for different days respectively, and then the emergence rates were caculated and recorded. Results ~The hatching rates of the eggs treated at ~2 ℃ for 1,2,3,4,5 days were recorded as follows:(~91.52± ~7.70 )%, (~85.93± ~18.99 )%, (~48.52± ~19.48 )%, 0, 0 respectively. The emergence rates of the pupae which pupated for 1 day treated at ~2 ℃ for 1,2,3,4,5 days were recorded as follows:(~75.00± ~13.54 )%, (~51.25± ~13.15 )%,( ~30.00± ~15.81 )%, (~6.25± ~6.29 )%, (~6.25± ~4.79 )% respectively; and the emergence rates treated at ~6 ℃ were: (~88.75± ~4.79 )%, (~66.25± ~10.31 )%, (~40.00± ~12.91 )%, (~37.50± ~18.48 )%, (~12.50± ~6.45 )% respectively. In the rest group of the pupae which pupated for 3 days, the emergence rates at ~2 ℃ for 1,2,3,4,5 days were: (~90.0± ~7.07 )%, (~78.75± ~11.09 )%, (~57.50± ~9.57 )%, (~61.25± ~11.09 )%, (~32.50± ~22.55 )% respectively; at ~6 ℃ were:(~92.50± ~5.00 )%, (~90.00± ~10.80 )%, (~88.75± ~2.50 )%, (~90.00± ~5.77 )%, (~66.25± ~10.31 )%. Conclusion The results showed that no egg hatched after treated at ~2 ℃ for 4 days or more days, Resistance of the egg against low temperature was weak. Resistance of the pupa against low temperature was stronger than of the egg, the emergence rate could be declined with the treating temperature being decreased or with the treating time of low temperature being increased. Resistance of the old pupa against low temperature was stronger than of the young one.