水资源环境变迁与乡村社会控制——以清代汉中府的堰渠水利为中心

Changes of Water-resources Environment and Social Control in Hanzhong County in Qing Dynasty

清代汉中府水资源环境的不断变迁,引发了诸如水利设施兴废、水利冲突等问题。在解决这些问题的过程中,乡村社会控制权日益显现出下移趋势。但自乾嘉以降,在水资源环境严重恶化的情况下,官府力量似乎又显得重要起来。这说明国家与社会之间呈现的是一种错综复杂的社会关系,不能用简单的二元对立模式给予教条性概括,必须考察具体的社会生态环境。

Changes took place continuously in Hanzhong County irrigational society, such as the rising and falling of irrigation construction, the strengthening and weakening of water conflicts, as well as the interaction between society and government. In the condition of the changes in natural and social environments, the power of social control tended to trickle down to the rural society. However, it is not a historical fact to say that irrigation affairs of Hanzhong County were out of the hand of official agencies. It even got to be more important for the government to take part in the irrigation administration since Qianlong and Jiaqing periods. This seeming paradox shows that there is a complex relation between government and society, which could not be analyzed in the simple dualist framework.