晚明士人自我意识的张扬与历史评论

Animation of Intellectuals’ Self-Consciousness and Historical Commentary in Late Ming Dynasty

晚明士人受王阳明及其后学理论的影响,其自我意识得到突出张扬,在思想文化方面,表现出极力挣脱正宗意识形态束缚,追求独立人格的思想倾向。影响于历史评论,其主要表现是强调历史是非的评判决不应以既定的价值标准为标准,主张一切都应“本自心师”,以自己的认识对历史做出独立的价值判断。其中一些史学家还从理论上阐明“是非无定质”与“执一便是害道”对于史学批评的意义,显露出史学中出现的理性精神。

In the late Ming a striking change had taken place, then the intellectuals’ self-consciousness was approved and tended to cast off the yoke of orthodox ideology and sought the personal freedom of his mind due to the influence of Wang Yangming’s philosophy, which was reflected in commentaries on history, that truth and falsity in history are relative, that there is no absolute truth or criterion. It was considered the appearance of rationalism in historiography at that time.