甲萘威农药生产职业暴露对男工精子和精液质量的影响

Effects of carbaryl production exposure on the sperm and semen quality of occupational male workers

目的 了解甲萘威的男性生殖毒性。方法 选择某农药厂接触甲萘威生产的男工31名为暴露组;该厂行政区男性员工4 6名为内对照组;某疾病预防控制中心男性员工2 2名为外对照组。对各组环境空气中甲萘威及其相关气体异氰酸甲酯(MIC)、氨气及总酚进行连续3d的监测;选暴露组及外对照组各3人进行个体采样并测定其皮肤污染量;收集各组人群的精液,进行精液质量、精子的形态学评价,用计算机辅助精子分析(CASA)系统分析精子的运动能力。结果 暴露组作业环境空气中甲萘威的几何平均浓度(G)为5 2 .4 1mg/m3 、总酚为0 .0 8mg/m3 ,均高于内、外对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。暴露组男工个体采样甲萘威浓度(G)为7.38mg/m3 ,皮肤的污染量(G)为86 2 .4 7mg/m2 ;外对照组均未检出。暴露组男工精子直线运动速度[VSL ,(2 6 .2 9±7.84 )μm/s]、鞭打频率[BCF ,(3.99±1.5 5 )Hz]、直线性(LIN ,39.89%±6 .0 0 % )、前向性(STR ,71.5 1%±11.2 2 % )均低于内、外对照组,精液黏稠度、精子活动度异常率及精子总畸形发生率均高于外对照组,精液量[(2 .39±1.4 4 )ml]、精子活动度[(1.77±0 .6 1)级]低于外对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0 .0 5 )。

Objective To analyse the male reproductive toxicity of carbaryl. Methods Thirty-one male carbaryl exposure workers and 46 male administrators in the office in a pesticide factory were selected as the exposure group and internal control group respectively,and 22 male administrators in a center for disease control and prevention were served as the external control group.In order to evaluate the exposure levels,the concentrations of carbaryl,methyl isocyanate,ammonia and phenol in the ambient air of the work place in these three groups were monitored simultaneously for three consecutive days.Moreover,three workers in the exposure group and the external control group were selected to evaluate the amount of carbaryl of individual and dermal contamination for three consecutive days.After the semen were collected according to the standard method,the workers'semen qualities were analysed with WHO method,the sperm morphology and the sperm motility were evaluated using μ-cell slide spectrum technology and computer assisted sperm analysis(CASA) respectively. Results In the exposure group,the concentrations of carbaryl and phenol(52.41 mg/m 3 and 0.08 mg/m 3 respectively) were significantly higher than those in the internal and external control group( P <0.01 or P <0.05).Furthermore,in the carbaryl exposure area the geometric mean concentration of carbaryl with the individual sampling was 7.38 mg/m 3,and the geometric mean of dermal contamination detected in the carbaryl exposure area was 862.47 mg/m 2.Carbaryl was not found in the external control area( P < 0.01) .The seminal volume[(2.39±1.44)ml] and the sperm motility [(1.77± 0.61) grade] were significantly lower than those in the external control group( P <0.05),and sperm motion parameters such as linearity(LIN,39.89%±6.00%),straightness(STR,71.51%± 11.22%) ,straight line velocity[VSL,(26.29±7.84) μm/s ] and beat cross frequence[BCF, (3.99± 1.55)Hz] were lower than those in the internal and external control group( P <0.05),while the abnormal rates of viscidity,sperm motility and total aberration rate were higher than those in the external control group( P <0.05). Conclusion Occupational exposure to carbaryl production can affect the workers'sperm and semen quality to certain extent.