农田氮素的气态损失与大气氮湿沉降及其环境效应

GASEOUS LOSS OF NITROGEN FROM FIELDS AND WET DEPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

本文总结了近年来有关农田N素气态损失与湿沉降研究的成果,讨论了农田N素气态损失的主要途径、排放量、影响因素及其环境危害。同时结合对太湖地区农田N素气态损失与大气N湿沉降的试验结果,阐述了化肥N的气态损失对大气和水体环境的影响,以及酸雨由硫酸型向硫酸和硝酸混合型变化的驱动因素。

In the present paper results of the study on gaseous loss of nitrogen from farmfields and wet deposition from the atmosphere in the recent years were reviewed and main pathways and amount of nitrogen emission, their influencing factors, and their hazard to the environment were discussed. Based on the results of the experiments on nitrogen gaseous loss from fields to the atmosphere and wet deposition of atmospheric nitrogen to the surface of the soil in the Taihu Lake Region, the effect of gaseous loss of chemical N fertilizers on the atmosphere and the water environment, and the factors driving the turn of acid rain of the sulfuric acid type into one of a mixed type of sulfuric acid and nitric acid were elaborated.